Which process helps to force pathogens from the body?

Coughing and sneezing are crucial reflex actions that help to expel pathogens and other irritants from the respiratory system. When the body detects an irritant, whether it's a pathogen like a virus or bacteria, coughing and sneezing serve as rapid expulsive mechanisms. This physical expulsion helps to clear mucus, bacteria, and viruses from the airways, thus reducing the risk of further infection and spread of the pathogens to others.

In contrast, while swallowing and vomiting can remove harmful substances from the digestive tract, they do not specifically target the respiratory system where many pathogens enter the body. Breathing, although essential for oxygen intake and overall function, does not actively expel pathogens. Instead, it is a process that may inadvertently bring pathogens into the body, particularly in cases where airborne infections are present. Therefore, the process of coughing and sneezing is specifically designed to help force pathogens out of the body, making it the most applicable choice for this question.